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Tender evaluation through efficiency analysis for public construction contracts

Stefan NIEWERTH, Peter VOGT, Markus THEWES

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2022年第9卷第1期页码 148-158 doi: 10.1007/s42524-020-0119-z

摘要： Given the European Public Procurement Directive 2014/24/EU, policymakers have ordered the inclusion of various criteria, such as the price, life-cycle costs, environmental, and social aspects, in the evaluation of tenders for public construction projects. Consequently, the relevance of non-monetary award criteria has gained significant value. However, the established evaluation formulas, which are used to obtain the best value for money procurement, have resulted in legal disputes. The existing evaluation formulas exhibit mathematical weaknesses, wherein scoring indices do not express economic efficiency adequately. Thus, a conflict is observed between the political requirement of non-monetary award criteria and their evaluation by contracting authorities. To overcome such dilemma, an extensive literature review is conducted. Specifically, this study explores the essential problems of existing evaluation formulas and develops a more reliable method. The technique from the field of efficiency analysis, i.e., Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), is adopted in this study. For contract awarding, the DEA is extended by introducing a decision theoretical framework. For public procurement, the proposed method combines two advantages. First, the proposed method ensures the derivation of a robust tender ranking given that with respect to clients’ preferences, irrelevant and insufficiently tailored tenders do not influence the scoring. Second, the proposed method supports the intention of policy makers to promote public goals, such as sustainable aspects. By disclosing the strengths and weaknesses of bidders with respect to their competitors, all bidders can obtain a precise overview of their performance regarding the award criteria. In sum, the proposed method allows a targeted improvement of certain criteria values in future tenders and consequently leads to an enhancement of public goals.

关键词： bid evaluation public procurement best value for money data envelopment analysis contractor selection

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公共文化建设项目应用公私伙伴关系模式的探讨

郭峰,蔡艺卿,王飞球

《中国工程科学》 2013年第15卷第11期页码 108-112

摘要：

为改善我国公共文化建设项目的效率和提高公共文化服务水平，分析了公私伙伴关系（PPP）模式在公共文化建设项目的应用。本文研究对象是PPP模式在我国的应用现状和公共文化建设项目的特殊性，分析了PPP 模式在我国公共文化建设项目的适用性及优势，以宁波文化广场为例分析了PPP 模式的应用过程，并提出实现我国公共文化建筑PPP模式的几点建议。

关键词： PPP模式公共文化建设项目应用分析

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突发重大公共事件对中国建造国际化发展的冲击效应分析

王艺,邓小鹏

《中国工程科学》 2021年第23卷第4期页码 97-106 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2021.04.011

摘要：

以新型冠状病毒肺炎（ COVID-19）疫情为代表的突发重大公共事件，在对各国经济社会发展产生重大影响的同时，也对伴随“一带一路”建设而稳步推进的中国建造国际化构成了明显冲击。本文首先梳理了代表性的突发重大公共事件及应急管理经验，以仍在进行中的 COVID-19 疫情为例，剖析其对中国建造企业国内市场和国际市场的影响；其次以我国某建筑企业海外工程项目实施为案例，通过管理人员深度访谈，深入分析 COVID-19 疫情对伊拉克泵站项目在材料与设备、复工与招聘、人员身心健康、项目绩效等方面的影响，对企业应对策略的有效性进行评价。研究表明，为了积极应对突发重大公共事件，政府和企业应当完善突发重大公共事件的应急机制，共享应急管理数据；明确工程材料设备需求量，提前安排运输，关注物流风险，确保项目按期交付；合理增加人员复工补贴，积极实施心理辅导，最大程度地保障项目参建人员的合法权益与身心健康；按需调整项目方案，建立风险缓释机制和长效应对机制，降低项目履约损失。

关键词：建造国际化突发重大公共事件新型冠状病毒肺炎海外建筑工程

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Are Relational Contracting Approaches Applicable to Public Projects in China?

Wei-ya Hao,Hui-ping Ding,Yong-jian Ke,Ying-ying Wang

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2014年第1卷第4期页码 358-363 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2014052

摘要： Rising complexities in construction projects management has boosted the importance of relational contracting (RC) in the field. RC is based on recognition of mutual benefits and win-win scenarios gained through more cooperative relationships between contracting parties. There have been a range of RC initiatives across many countries towards deeper collaborative relationships; however, such formal RC approaches are not yet well established in China. In this paper, the feasibility of implementing RC in the China’s public construction projects is investigated. The results indicate that RC is highly feasible for implementation in China due to its theoretical benefits, its alignment to Chinese culture, and its behaviors in past public construction projects. Three strategies for facilitating the implementation of RC in China are proposed.

关键词： relational contracting public construction relationship

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大型公益项目全寿命周期过程集成模型及其支撑条件研究

张国宗,王永华,刘雄

《中国工程科学》 2014年第16卷第10期页码 106-112

摘要：

大型公益项目管理全寿命周期过程集成是指从项目决策、规划设计、实施、运行维护、结束等阶段的项目过程集成。本文以实现项目全寿命周期目标体系为目的，以系统观点、过程观点及价值工程思想为指导，研究了从项目策划、规划设计、实施到运营的全过程集成管理，及其不同阶段不同任务之间的相互关系和作用，建立了大型公益项目全寿命周期过程集成模型，并讨论了大型公益项目全寿命周期过程集成的支撑条件，实现项目全寿命周期的平衡与和谐，提高了项目投资效益和社会公益服务功能，从而提高了大型公益项目的价值。

关键词：大型公益项目全寿命周期过程集成支撑条件

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Construction engineering management culture shift: Is the lowest tender offer dead?

Eric SCHEEPBOUWER, Douglas D. GRANSBERG, Carla Lopez del PUERTO

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2017年第4卷第1期页码 49-57 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2017014

摘要： The procurement of public construction projects must walk a fine line between the corruption of state officials and collusion of contractors. The method of awarding projects to the lowest responsible tenderer was originally implemented to guard against corruption of state officials. However, an investigation of the construction industry in the Canadian province of Quebec showed that lowest-tender-offer procurement gave rise to collusion of companies tendering for the contracts. Alternatively, best-value procurement has been used for decades, but here problems arise owing to the necessity of subjective judging of measures other than price to compare bids, giving rise to time- and money-consuming protests. The paper proposes a compelling argument that the construction engineering management (CEM) culture should refocus its efforts on enhancing project cost certainty rather than merely searching for means to design a project in a manner that produces the lowest initial cost, and awards the construction to the lowest tender offer that focuses on cost savings during the project development and delivery process. The difference in the two approaches is subtle but extremely important. To make the transition, the engineering management tools must be advanced to the next level. This means that all project control tools for managing cost, schedule, and technical scope must be transformed from working in the deterministic mode to the stochastic mode, thus making the probability of completing the project within or below its official budget the primary decision criterion. To do so, CEMs must accept that there is a benefit in paying more for an alternative that increases cost certainty for the entire project. The authors of this paper hope that it will provide the grist for a more general dialog across all industry sectors where engineering management is practiced.

关键词： cost certainty lowest responsible bid best value public procurement construction engineering management culture

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大型公共项目融资风险与控制研究

陈守科,韦灼彬

《中国工程科学》 2007年第9卷第12期页码 57-62

摘要：

在大型公共项目的运作过程中，融资已经成为解决资金缺口的主要手段。笔者在界定项目融资结构、项目资金流量及其内涵的基础上，通过建立定量模型，从融资比例、建设工期和项目收益率三个方面对大型公共项目运作中的融资风险进行了分析，并通过算例对该模型进行了验证。

关键词：大型公共项目；融资风险；融资比例；建设工期；项目收益率

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我国突发公共卫生事件科技应急支撑体系建设

李明穗,王卓然,武乐,蒋慧莉,杨俊涛,刘德培

《中国工程科学》 2021年第23卷第6期页码 139-146 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2021.06.013

摘要：

科技应急支撑体系在我国历次突发公共卫生事件中发挥了重大作用。本文围绕我国突发公共卫生事件科技应急支撑体系建设，从科研基地平台布局、大数据技术应用、公共卫生科技投入、科研成果转化等方面开展发展现状的系统梳理。通过与医学科技前沿的发达国家比较，深入分析我国科技应急支撑体系建设面临的问题。针对基础研究薄弱、关键核心技术缺乏等问题，建议强化高校、医疗机构和科技企业的协同作用，提升我国基础医学研究能力、原创性医药产品和诊断试剂的研发能力。针对我国基地平台设施不足问题，建议强化国家生物资源样本中心建设，建立具有自我支撑能力的数据信息共享平台。针对公共卫生科技投入不足、人才体系不完善等问题，建议发挥国家医学科学院的引领作用，提升公共卫生领域的投入水平，完善人才评价、储备、培养机制。

关键词：突发公共卫生事件，卫生健康，科技支撑

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我国突发公共卫生事件应急救援体系建设研究

杨丽君,郑静晨,黄钢,李明,费波,张世翔,南杰

《中国工程科学》 2021年第23卷第5期页码 9-17 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2021.05.002

摘要：

文章阐述了应急救援体系建设在突发公共卫生事件处置中的重要作用，从应急救援处置能力建设的角度，总结了此次抗击新冠肺炎疫情的特点，对抗击疫情的应急救援相关经验教训进行了总结与反思。本文研究内容对完善国家相关政策、制度，筑牢人民群众的生命健康防护网，保持国家安全发展的良好环境等方面具有重要意义。本文梳理了我国突发公共卫生事件应急救援体系构建的三个阶段的主要内容及特征，从机制、资源力量、整体水平三个方面分析了我国突发公共卫生事件应急救援工作存在的问题。在优化应急处置模式、科学布局与功能提升、专业人才队伍建设、应急物资保障、重视基层能力建设、多学科融合、“科研– 疾控– 临床”的协同、健全战时动员机制、加强国际合作、制定行动纲要等方面提出了针对我国突发公共卫生事件应急救援体系发展建设的战略建议。

关键词：突发公共卫生事件应急救援体系建设

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Qualitative analysis of direction of public hospital reforms in China

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《医学前沿（英文）》 2018年第12卷第2期页码 218-223 doi: 10.1007/s11684-017-0534-7

摘要：

Reforms in public hospitals are among the most important improvements in China’s health care system over the last two decades. However, the reforms that should be implemented in public hospitals are unclear. Thus, a feasible direction of reforms in Chinese public hospitals is suggested and reliable policy suggestions are provided for the government to reform public hospitals. The data used in this study were mainly derived from a qualitative study. Focus group discussions and in-depth interviews were conducted in Shanghai, Guangdong, and Gansu between May and December 2014. Government funding accounted for approximately eight percent of the total annual revenue of public hospitals in China, and the insufficient government subsidy considerably affects the operation mechanism of public hospitals. However, solely increasing this subsidy cannot address the inappropriate incentives of public hospitals in China. The most crucial step in setting the direction of reforms in public hospitals in China is transforming inappropriate incentives by implementing a new evaluation index system for directors and physicians in public hospitals.

关键词： public hospital government hospital public funding operation mechanism

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The Routine and Emergency Coordinated Management of Public Security

Ning Liu

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2015年第2卷第4期页码 331-338 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2015063

摘要： The paper presents a study based on the observation of public security programme situations. Nowadays, public security management is faced with challenges such as the increase in non-traditional safety threats, high occurrence probability, obvious complex chain reactions, high security demand, vulnerable bearing systems and world-wide influences. For the new adapted requirements of public security management, this paper puts forward the concept of the coordinated routine and emergency management, which combines the routine management at normal status and the emergency management at the abnormal status based on the whole process of public security management. This paper analyzes the coordinated management system and establishes the decision-making objectives, decision-making model and constraints. In addition, this paper proposes the basic strategy of achieving the coordinated management of public security.

关键词： public security routine management emergency management coordinated management

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Connecting Information to Promote Public Health

Xue-mei Su,Jia Zhao

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2016年第3卷第4期页码 384-389 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2016054

摘要： With the development of information technology in the past 12 years, China has established the specialized or vertical web-based information systems for data collection of disease and related risk factor. These information systems are described as public health information systems (PHIS) in China. When PHIS has thus evolved in a haphazard and fragmented way under the pressure administrative, economic and legal, local health workers who are overburdened with multiple and time-consuming reporting requirements cannot deliver timely, accurate and complete data. Seeing that the information of disease surveillance is provided by hospitals and health service centers in China and that the development of electronic medical record (EMR) and electronic health record (EHR) occurs under the policy and investment of health since 2009 in China, there should be a connection and data sharing mechanism between EMR (EHR) and PHIS to support public health surveillance and public health decision-making. The paper aims at discussing current status and problems of PHIS in China, making a brief introduction on the blueprint of health information technology in China, exploring solution for interoperability between PHIS and EHR (EMR), and sharing some experiences and lessons from pilot project on automatic notifiable infectious disease reporting.

关键词： public health information system data exchange China

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我国突发公共卫生事件应急防控体系建设研究

王卓然,李明穗,蒋慧莉,杨俊涛,杨维中,刘德培

《中国工程科学》 2021年第23卷第5期页码 18-23 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2021.05.003

摘要：

突发公共卫生事件严重危害人民生命健康，对国家安全、社会稳定和经济发展造成严重后果。本文在新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情应急背景下，从监测预警和评价、诊断与治疗、基础科学研究、人才教育培训、物质设备产业支撑和社会动员与协调行动六大体系分析我国突发公共卫生事件应急防控体系建设现状，指出强化体系建设是我国新发展阶段的现实需求。根据我国公共卫生体系建设在机构定位和能力建设、投入和支撑硬件、管理体系等方面存在的不足，提出建立国家统筹协调和应急指挥机制体系，强化临床、科技、教育、产业支撑能力及进一步推进国际合作等下一阶段加强我国突发公共卫生事件应急防控体系建设的建议。

关键词：突发公共卫生事件，防控体系，防治合一，检测预警，产业支撑

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Changes in public trust in physicians: empirical evidence from China

Dahai Zhao, Zhiruo Zhang

《医学前沿（英文）》 2019年第13卷第4期页码 504-510 doi: 10.1007/s11684-018-0666-4

摘要： Studies examining the trends in public trust in physicians have provided a considerable amount of valuable policy implications for policymakers compared with cross-sectional studies on this topic in many countries. This study investigated changes in public trust in physicians in China based on two cross-sectional national surveys conducted in 2011 and 2016 and identified the determinants of these changes. The results indicated 83.4% of respondents in 2011 reported trust or strong trust in physicians in China, which decreased to 64.2% by 2016. The results of ordinal logistic regression demonstrated that public trust in physicians in China had decreased significantly from 2011 to 2016 ( <0.001) after adjusting for other independent variables. Self-reported health status, self-rated happiness, and self-identified social class were all associated positively with public trust in physicians in China. The results also confirmed that decreasing public satisfaction with the most recent treatment experience was the major determinant of decreasing public trust in physicians in China. The findings of this study suggest that decreasing public trust in physicians deserves considerable attention from national policymakers and that improving satisfaction with treatment experiences would be the most effective strategy for enhancing public trust in physicians in China.

关键词： trust in physicians public trust physician-patient relationship health system performance

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Urban design based on public safety-Discussion on safety-based urban design

Kaizhen CAI, Jianguo WANG

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2009年第3卷第2期页码 219-227 doi: 10.1007/s11709-009-0023-4

摘要： Because of public safety problems in construction of urban surroundings, this paper expounds the necessity of the study on public safety-based urban design in perspective of modern city. It brings forward the concept of safety-based urban design and attempts to explore the basic connotation and contents with framework for studies.

关键词： urban public safety urban design safety-based urban design